Amblyopia, otherwise known as lazy eye, is defined as a disorder of the visual system that is characterized by poor visual acuity in one eye that is otherwise physically normal, or out of proportion to associated structural abnormalities. Amblyopia occurs due to improper visual development during the first few years of life, a critical period. During this stage of development, the nervous system is exposed to stimuli. This condition is a developmental problem of the brain, not an organic problem of the eye, although organic problems can induce Amblyopia. If Amblyopia is treated by the age of seven, it is possible to improve visual acuity. The earlier the condition is detected and treated, the better the chances of success. Outcomes depend on the cause of the lazy eye. Strabismus (crossed eyes), farsightedness, nearsightedness, astigmatism in both eyes and childhood cataracts are common causes of Amblyopia.
Amblyopia is a condition where a healthy and normal eye does not attain adequate visual acuity beyond 6/9 even with eyeglasses/contact lenses. Classically, one eye is affected, but Amblyopia can present in both eyes.The term “lazy eye” is frequently used when referring to Amblyopia, but the term is inaccurate as there is no laziness of either the eye or amblyope involved with this condition.
If visual acuity is impaired in one eye, the brain will choose to ignore the poor visual image and over time, the area of the brain responsible for that eye’s vision will not function properly, failing to interpret the visual image correctly. Therefore, the brain will prefer using the vision of the healthier, stronger eye. Early detection is essential, Amblyopia being easily detected with a complete ophthalmologic examination of the eyes.
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